πραιτώριον

πραιτώριον, ου, τό (Lat. loanw.: praetorium. Attested in Gk. in ins and pap s. CWessely, WienerStud 24, 1902, 144; UWilcken, APF 2, 1903, 138; 4, 1908, 116; 121; s. also PPetaus 47, 44; 48, 2; B-D-F §5, 1; Rob. 109) the praetorium, orig. the praetor’s tent in camp, w. its surroundings. In the course of its history (sketched by MDibelius, exc. on Phil 1:13) the word also came to designate the governor’s official residence (IG XIV, 2548 τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ πραιτωρίου; SIG 880, 63; BGU 288, 14; POxy 471, 110). This is the mng. of the word in the gospels Mt 27:27; Mk 15:16; J 18:28ab, 33; 19:9. But it is a matter of dispute whether it refers to the palace of Herod in the western part of the city (Schürer I 361 w. reff. to Jos., Bell. 2, 14, 8; 15, 5 and Philo, Leg. 38; REckardt, Das Praetorium des Pilatus: ZDPV 34, 1911, 39–48; Dalman, Orte³ 355–63 [Eng. tr. 335–45]; JBlinzler, Der Prozess Jesu³, ’60, 183–86; PBenoit, RB 59, ’52, 531–50, HTR 64, 71, 135–67; RMackowski; Jerusalem, City of Jesus ’80, 102–11; JMurphy-O’Connor, The Holy Land, rev. ed. ’86) or to the fortress Antonia northwest of the temple area (so the later trad. and SMeistermann, Le Prétoire de Pilate et la forteresse Antonia 1902; CSachsse, ZNW 19, 1920, 34–38; CLattey, JTS 31, 1930, 180–82; HVincent, L’Antonia et le Prétoire: RB 42, ’33, 83–113, Autour du Prétoire: ibid. 46, ’37, 563–70; JFinegan, Archaelogy of the NT ’69, 156–62). On the Hasmonean royal palace as site of Pilate’s praetoruim s. BPixner, ZDPV 95, ’79, 65–86, also ABD s.v. ‘Praetorium’ (lit.); against this ancient identification s. Dalman above. Of a palace of Herod GJs 21:2 (codd.). In Caesarea, at any rate, the palace of Herod served as the ‘praetorium’. Paul was imprisoned ἐν τῷ πραιτωρίῳ τοῦ Ἡρῴδου Ac 23:35. ELohmeyer (Phil 1930, 3; 40f) places Phil 1:13 here; this conclusion is variously regarded, depending on one’s conception of the place where Paul was imprisoned. If the letter was written fr. Rome, the words ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ are best taken to mean in the whole praetorian (or imperial) guard (EHaupt, PEwald, et al.). If it belongs to a non-Roman imprisonment, τὸ πραιτώριον beside οἱ λοιποί includes those who live in the governor’s palace (s. PFeine [s.v. Φίλιπποι] p. 72f; 88 and the other lit. given there).—Pauly-W. XXII 2535–37, Suppl. IX 1180f; Kl. Pauly IV 1117; BHHW III 1482; ABD V 322f, 447f. M-M. EDNT.